Capital Punishment A Relevant Public Policy - 2882 Words

Abstract This paper examines the topic of capital punishment as a relevant public policy that is related to criminal justice. The history, justification and evidence for the policy, factors that have influenced the policy, competing positions and stakeholders, negative consequences of the policy, and evidence based changes to the current policy, will all be discussed. Relevant examples will be provided within each appropriate section. A comprehensive approach will be used to identify all key elements in regards to capital punishment. Finally, a concluding paragraph will summarize all salient information and takeaways from this topic. Keywords: capital punishment; death penalty; policy Capital Punishment as a relevant Public Policy related to Criminal Justice The history over the use of capital punishment is indeed a complex yet interesting topic. Across the United States the most common option for employment of the death penalty in the past was the use of hanging. Executions used to be a public spectacle in which many individuals bared witness to such. After that public executions became a thing of the past and many states began to use gas chambers and the infamous electric chair as means of punishment. Several western states even used firing squads as means of execution. In Furman v. Georgia, the United States Supreme Court in 1972 handed down a de facto moratorium on the death penalty. Four years later in 1976 in Gregg v. Georgia, the SupremeShow MoreRelatedThe United States Incarceration System1710 Words   |  7 PagesThe United States incarceration system is a structural foundation of punishment in which is formed by robust authoritarian power. The Uni ted States criminal justice system is not an institution to be underestimated, as it represents the highest incarceration rate of all world nations at a staggering 700 inmates per 100 thousand citizens (Krisberg, 7). Based on the social and political structure of democracy in the United States, it is argued that incarceration systems should follow the same rootsRead MoreRational Choice, Deterrence, Incapacitation and Just Desert Essay1476 Words   |  6 PagesRational Choice, Deterrence, Incapacitation and Just Desert In seeking to answer the question, Why do people engage in deviant and/or criminal acts?, many researchers, as well as the general public, have begun to focus on the element of personal choice. An understanding of personal choice is commonly based in a conception of rationality or rational choice. These conceptions are rooted in the analysis of human behavior developed by the early classical theorists, CesareRead MoreCapital Punishment Is The Sanctioned Practice1605 Words   |  7 PagesCommittee Name: 6th legal Committee Topic: Capital Punishment Country Name: Nigeria BRIEF BACKGROUND OF THE TOPIC Capital Punishment is the sanctioned practice that puts someone to death in response to crimes. There are many and varied types of execution used around the world today, including: beheading, electrocution, hanging, lethal injection, shooting in the back of the head, and by firing squad. People have been working to end executions since 1977, when only 16 countries had abolished the deathRead More Death Penalty Essay1521 Words   |  7 Pagesmethods of capital punishment, otherwise known as the death penalty. The sentence of death has long been an accepted form of justice, yet today, capital punishment has remained a hotly debated issue. Some believe this punishment to be cruel and unusual and therefore violating the United States Constitution, while in reality the death penalty is fair and just punishment for murder and other extremely violent crimes. With these clashing viewpoints, there are also differences in the policies of variousRead MoreThe Effect of the Death Penalty in Texa s1316 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effect of the Death Penalty in Texas Introduction A lot of heat and controversy surrounds capital punishment in today’s society. The death penalty was built into the Texas justice system in 1835 and has retained most of its strength compared to the rest of the states. The famous motto â€Å"Don’t Mess with Texas† stands true when concerning the death penalty; In Kenneth William’s article, â€Å"Texas: Tough on Murderers or on Fairness?.† Williams states, â€Å"No one promotes this message [Don’t Mess withRead MoreCapital Punishment : A Deterrent Effect On Crime Essay2996 Words   |  12 Pagesit serves in deterring criminal activities. Through exploration into findings of several studies, it would be possible to validate whether capital punishment has a deterrent effect on crimes. Various studies are explored with the objective of understanding which side of the debate is stronger. The findings of this study will be important in informing relevant personnel on whether to continue using the penalty or not. The structure of the paper is as follows: Introduction section s, Literature reviewRead MoreCapital Punishment : A Deterrent Effect On Crime Essay2970 Words   |  12 PagesAbstract The question of capital punishment has been stirring heated debate in regards to whether it indeed does or doesn’t deter criminal activities. By exploring findings from various studies, this paper aims at validating whether death penalty has a deterrent effect on crimes. Various studies are explored with the objective of understanding which side of the debate is stronger. The findings of this study will be important in informing relevant personnel on whether to continue usingRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is It Just Or Unjust?1387 Words   |  6 PagesUnited States today is the death penalty. Is it just or unjust? Does is deter murders and crimes? Are there proper rules for it, and a fair system to decide who gets the death penalty? The death penalty is â€Å"the punishment of execution, administered to someone legally convicted of a capital crime.† Today it is mostly used for murder cases, however, depending on the state it can also be used for treason, aggres sive kidnapping, drug trafficking, aircraft hijacking, espionage, and aggressive assault byRead MoreCount the Cost is a Collaborative Effort to Fight the War on Drugs1696 Words   |  7 Pageswhile representing a diverse range of expertise and viewpoints, share a desire to reduce the unintended costs of the war on drugs. The Count the Costs project aims to highlight the negative impacts of the war on drugs in seven key policy areas: Development and Security; Public health; Human Rights; Stigma and Discrimination; Crime; The Environment; and Economics. The project calls upon world leaders and UN agencies to quantify the unintended negative consequences of the current approach to drugs, andRead MoreLegal And Ethical Issues Of Copyright1514 Words   |  7 Pagescopyrighted work. These uses can be done without permission from the copyright owner. When commenting upon copyrighted material you are allowed to reproduce parts of the source material to achieve your goal. This rule exists b ecause it is thought that the public will reap a benefit from the review of this material, which can be enhanced by including parts of the copyrighted material. Other uses of can include the creation of a parody, which is done with the sole purpose to ridicule other works in a comic

What Were The Principal Questions Facing The Nation At The...

What were the principal questions facing the nation at the end of the Civil War? The Battle of the Appomattox Court House may have brought a conclusion to the Civil War, but after the war, the questions of freedom, treatment of Confederate soldiers, how states should readmitted to the Union, and repairs in the South remained. The foremost question that both white southerners, white northerners, and African Americans faced was what did freedom mean: for white southerners, it meant freedom from the perceived tyrannical rule of the North; for white northerners, it started and stopped with emancipation with the exception of the Radicals and some Moderates; and for African Americans, many saw it as having the same political rights as whites with some even wanting a redistribution of the land. They also faced the question of freedom for a certain group of individuals: those who supported the Confederacy. Northern whites debated whether these individuals should receive general amnesty as in the Lincoln plan, a pardon in the plan proposed by President Johnson, or exclusi on from Congress without a â…” approval in the Fourteenth Amendment. Then, they faced the questions of how states should be readmitted to the Union with some - like Lincoln - hoping for a speedy resolution while others, especially radical Republicans, wanting vindication; these different policies could be seen in the 10% Plan, which focused on bringing a expedient conclusion to the conflict, and Johnson’sShow MoreRelatedCompare and Contrast Modern Conservatism and Modern Liberalism2552 Words   |  11 Pagesmodern conservatism. Classical liberalism evolved from opposition to â€Å"divine rights of Kings† (PowerPoints, Classical Liberalism, pg. 2). One of the core principles in the presumption in favor of liberty is the â€Å"Fundamental Liberal Principal† (Guide, pg. 3). This principal states that freedom is a basic right and that laws must be justified so as not to limit the freedom of citizens. To provide a modern day example of this, the Los Angeles Tim es recently published an article about an intoxicated manRead More America’s Drug War Essay3563 Words   |  15 PagesThe War on Drugs, like the war on Terrorism, is a war that America may not be able to afford to win. For over forty years the United States has been fighting the War on Drugs and there is no end in sight. It has turned into a war that is about politics and economics rather than about drugs and criminals. The victims of this war are numerous; but perhaps they are not as numerous as those who benefit from the war itself. History of U.S Drug Policy: While laws prohibiting the use of drugs, in oneRead MoreThe Rights Of A Student s Rights Essay2309 Words   |  10 Pageshave. Many believe that minors and students do not share the same rights as adults do. They see students as having to adhere to the will of adults and that they do not have a say in the matter. This directly goes against the basic principles of this nation; all American citizens have the same First Amendment rights. First Amendment rights in this country do not begin when you are an adult at the age of 18, it begins at birth. Being a student does not temporarily suspend these First Amendment rightsRead MoreWomen in World War Ii2579 Words   |  11 Pages002 Fall Term Research Paper In what specific ways did the Second World War change the lives of women in Canada and/or the United States? Were the changes merely temporary or did they sow the seeds of collapse for traditional gender roles? * * The Second World War dramatically changed the lives of women in both Canada and the United States, on every level from political, to social, to sexual. 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Not since the Nuremberg and Tokyo trials, following World War II has an international court tried individuals accused of crimes against humanity, war crimes, and genocide. The International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTFY), which was established at The Hague, Netherlands, is widely seen as an important step toward the deterrence of crimes, theRead MoreThe Political and Legal Environments Facing Business4014 Words   |  17 PagesPOLITICAL AND LEGAL ENVIRONMENTS FACING BUSINESS OBJECTIVES †¢ To discuss the different goals and functions of political systems †¢ To profile trends in the emergence and diffusion of political systems †¢ To identify the idea of political risk and approaches to managing it †¢ To understand how different political and legal systems affect the conduct of business †¢ To profile trends in the evolution and diffusion of legal systems †¢ To examine the major legal issues facing international business companies Read MoreDemocracy and Political Culture in Bangladesh.5176 Words   |  21 Pagesconsidered as an end and State as the means in a democracy: 4 Politics: 4 Political Democracy: 4 Objectives of the study: 6 a) Broad objectives 6 b) Specific objectives: 6 Political Democracy in Bangladesh: An overview 6 Bangladesh: a democracy in crisis 8 Democracy vs. Corruption 8 Security vs. economic progress 9 Impunity vs. the rule of law 10 Present features of Bangladesh Democracy: 10 1) Lack of political morality: 10 2) Absence of strong civil society 10 3)Read MoreMilitary and Corporate Strategy7776 Words   |  32 Pages Definition of key words Establishment of paradoxes Issue as a question form Announcement of the plan I. 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Women Are Better Parents Than Men Free Essays

Both mothers and fathers contribute to their full extent and provide us with utmost facilities. The try to give their children with best clothes to wear , provide good foods to eat etc , so that their children get proper development. All that parents earn is for their children so that they can have settled life . We will write a custom essay sample on Women Are Better Parents Than Men or any similar topic only for you Order Now They provide their children with best possible education so that their children can stand on their own and compete in the world later on . Most of the fathers do jobs so that they best earn for their children and provide their families with a happy life. The fathers usually become the role models for their children . Meanwhile , the mother take full care of their children and teaches them manners of how to live . The both parents are the best teacher for any child . Both parties have their important role as parents , and an ideal child is one that gets the support of both . However , now the question arises that who is better between the two? Whom do the children love the most. The mothers are one those who give birth to a child and suffer the pain during the early nourishment of a child . Most of the working women , when turns into a mother , have to sacrifice jobs , earnings etc . The mothers are more nurturing by birth . Every wife has a dream to become a mother ,so that she can give her love and care that God has gifted to her . It is by-nature that mothers are more loving and close towards their children than fathers . It doesn ‘t mean that fathers are not close to their children , but the feeling that a mother is gifted , cannot be matched by the fathers . Women also stay with their children more than men because men tend to be busy working. Most women are usually at home with their children, This provide children someone to be close to and who understands you. Once a women becomes a mother , she leaves her everything and her main goal is to give the child best care . The best time for a mother is to spend with their children . The mothers are by-nature more emotionally to their children . The mothers do everything for their children without complaining to anyone . Such as she cleans off all the mess of their children and feeds them. Due to psychological perspective, is that children are more important to their mothers than to their fathers. So at the end if you reflect on the facts and how the society think of it always goes to the women side. The children are more into their mother than father because of the treatment, love and care they get from their mother. How to cite Women Are Better Parents Than Men, Essay examples

Bulleted List Section

Question: Provide a bulleted list of main sections/sub-sections. Include an estimated word count for each main section. Answer: Introduction: Specialized educational programs are created for the students who are socially, emotionally, emotionally or physically challenged. Students with special needs are not able to gain much from the customary learning environment. Keeping in mind the end goal to instruct these sorts of children legitimately, the teachers need to build up an appropriate learning environment with the accessibility of the extraordinary instructing helps (Hall et al., 2012). Custom curriculum program and highly skilled teachers are required for giving the best possible training to these children. Teaching programs for visually hindered children are very not quite the same as the conventional instructive project or other special teaching system. Intellectual impairment alludes to the deficiency of the general development of the mental advancement of a person. Students cannot build up their mental power or the capacity of basic intuition with the time and age having the issue of scholarly inability (Duncan, 2013). This antagonistically influences the children's learning capacity and improvement. Deafness is the hearing impairments of the children, which have a major impact in the linguistic development of them. It unfavorably influences the general improvement of an individual kid. Then again, orthopedic hindrances specifically influence the youngster's instructive improvement adversely (Stufflebeam et al., 2012). On the other hand, children with special needs may experience the ill effects of special learning inabilities in perusing, composing and spelling or in scientific cou nts. Nonetheless, multiple disabilities is the greatest test of educating the children. Creating legitimate learning environment for these sorts of children is truly testing work for the teachers. There is another idea called comprehensive training that alludes to a classroom model for giving instruction to the children with uncommon needs (Wolfendale, 2013). Nevertheless, there are loads of individuals who are addressing about the attainability of the comprehensive training for the children with unique needs. Some contend that children feel very diverse in the isolated setting. Analysts have recommended that keeping in mind the end goal to overlook this potential obstruction, the children with special needs require to speak with other children (Wolfendale, 2013). Comprehensive setting gives the chance of giving appropriate instruction to both the general children and the uncommon children in one stage. As per a few analysts inclusion settings are the system of putting the children with extraordinary needs in the government funded schools. To work the inclusion program effectively, the schools must satisfy the necessities of the children with extraordinary needs. As indicated by general observation, the students additionally should get the training with respect to their Individual Education Plan (IEP) (de Abreu et al., 2012). The schools are capable to build up a learning domain for the children with extraordinary needs with minimal measure of limitation given to their instruction and different exercises. Comprehensive setting gives training to every one of the students incorporating the children with uncommon needs (Goldfeld et al., 2012). The projects are about giving full time instructing to the extraordinary children in the general classrooms. On the off chance that an understudy requires language instruction in the classroom for better training, then the comprehensive system is stating that the office ought to be quickly accessible to that understudy (Knoors Marschark, 2012). The primary point of this instructive system is to give the specialized curriculum to the children with exceptional needs alongside a typical situation of training. A few variables exist in the zone of the comprehensive training programs, which can be utilized for the standard meaning of the comprehensive instruction program (Wolfendale, 2013). The joint effort of the general instructor and the teachers of children with special needs produce the system of instructing every one of the children in the same classroom environment. Another procedure of setting the handicapped students in the standard classroom is to bolster the general teachers by training and helping by the teachers of the children with exceptional needs. The custom curriculum educator gets the showing helps the classroom for supporting the uncommon students. There are numerous disagreements in regards to the viability of the comprehensive trainings for the children with exceptional needs (Stufflebeam et al., 2012). According to scientists, the children with exceptional needs can get more advantages from the comprehensive instruction programs where legitimate backing is accessible in the general classroom environment (Hall et al., 2012). Proficient advancement environment for both the general and specialized curriculum teachers are useful for the general improv ement of the students in the comprehensive settings. A few specialists have likewise said that comprehensive training programs give the capacity of creating individual qualities with an abnormal state of desires for each of the students. The comprehensive instruction programs likewise incorporate the support of the guardians of the children with unique needs (Duncan, 2013). The comprehensive instruction program serves to construct the social comprehension of the children. The settings give the chance of learning with other children that empowers the behavioral development of the children with exceptional needs. The comprehensive training programs give the chance of satisfying these destinations for the debilitated children (Wolfendale, 2013). Training structure the comprehensive instruction setting will help the children with uncommon needs in their future life to build up a divine being identity and social life. Before presenting, the comprehensive training program in Malaysia there was another methodology of instructing the children with unique needs. The instruction projects were directed into three phases. There were isolates setting for the children with listening to issues, visual issues and unique learning inabilities (de Abreu et al., 2012). There was no understanding of instructing these children with the general students in the normal classrooms. Instead of utilizing the full incorporation model, they utilize for the most part the two teachers model and the in and out model for giving legitimate backing to the children with unique needs (Goldfeld et al., 2012). Keeping in mind the end goal to create appropriate consideration settings in Malaysia, the community exertion frame the school power, the administration, teachers and the guardians of the children with uncommon needs was exceedingly required. Children with special needs require proper support in their education with respect to their particular disabilities. The parents of the children with special requirements need to be concerned about the education of the children. In order to develop a proper inclusion setting in Malaysia, collaborative effort is required from the teachers, government and the parents of the children with special needs (Knoors Marschark, 2012). Especially the students with special needs require intensive care from the teachers to have proper education in the inclusive education centers. In this assignment, all these factors have been discussed in detail as well as the situation in Malaysia regarding the education of children with special needs (Wolfendale, 2013). Furthermore, a literature review has been conducted in order to enter the depths in this subject and to provide suitable recommendations for the development of special education in Malaysia. Literature review: Special Education: Special education programs are developed for the students who are socially, emotionally, emotionally or physically delayed. These delays are directly associated with the overall growth of the students. Due to these delays, the students have some special requirements in the educational field. These special needs are the main reasons of the special education programs. The classroom environment of the special education system is different from the traditional classroom environment (Harry Klingner, 2014). Students with special needs are not able to learn from the traditional learning environment. The special education programs are associated with the content, method of teaching and the delivery instructions. The Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA) describes Special Education as specially developed instruction, at no cost to the parents for meeting the unique needs of the children with some kind of disabilities. However, there is no clear definition of the special education (Tomlins on, 2012). It is still needs to be clear that what exactly is the special education? The disabilities or the special needs of the children are categorized in the following areas: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): Autism Spectrum Disorder indicates the disability that affects both the verbal and non-verbal communication. In other words, it can be also defined as disability in developing the social communication and behavioral skills of an individual. These symptoms can be observed in the early childhood and affect the childrens education majorly. Some of the important identifying characteristics of the individuals with the ASD are engagement with stereotype activities or repetitive works, resistance to the changes in the environment or the daily activities and unusual responses to the uncertain responses (Tulman, Feinstein Kule-Korgood, 2015). Educating these types of children is not an easy task. In order to educate these types of children properly, the teachers need to develop a proper learning environment with the availability of the special teaching aids. Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI): Traumatic Brain Injury refers to an injury acquired to the brain due any external physical forces. This type of injury can be the cause of partial or total damage of the development ability of the individual. Thus, it can negatively affect the childrens early year education. Special education program and highly skilled teachers are required for giving the proper education to these children (Cook Odom, 2013). TBI can affect the area of thinking ability, memory, language development, new skill development, problem solving, physical activities, information processing, speech, communication and psychosocial behavior. Visual Impairment: It refers to the disability regarding the vision of the children, it can be blindness or partial sight. Teaching programs for these children are completely different from the traditional educational program or other special educational program. The teachers also need to be properly trained regarding the teaching methods and the required special teaching aids (Gast Ledford, 2014). Intellectual disability: Intellectual disability refers to the deficit of the overall growth of the mental development of an individual. Students are unable to develop their mental power or the ability of critical thinking with the time and age having the problem of intellectual disability. This adversely affects the childrens learning ability and development (Bishop et al., 2016). Language/Speech impairment: This refers to the disability of communicational disorders. Students may have problem regarding speaking in any special language. The problems might be stuttering, voice impairments or impaired articulation (Barton Tomlinson, 2012). Hearing Impairment: Deafness is the hearing impairments of the children, which have a major impact in the linguistic development of them. It adversely affects the overall development of an individual child (Crockett Kauffman, 2013). Delay in development: Growth of the different types of development is not same for all the students. Different students require different amount of time for developing themselves in cognitive behavior, physical development, socio-emotional and behavioral development (Cook Cook, 2013). Emotional Disturbance: Emotional disturbance is associated to a situation that exhibits one or more of the following characteristics: Inability of learning which cannot be explained with sensory, health or intellectual factors. Inability of developing or maintaining satisfactory interpersonal relationships with the mates and teachers. Improper types of reactions against the normal situations. General mood of unhappiness or depression. Tendency of developing fear form the mates or general study related problems. Orthopedic Impairment: These impairments directly affect the childs educational development negatively. These impairments are associated with congenital anomalies and diseases or other causes like cerebral palsy (Hornby, Howard Atkinson, 2013). Specific Learning Disability: Children with special needs may suffer from special learning disabilities in reading, writing, spelling or in mathematical calculations. The main reasons behind these types of problems are dyslexia, intellectual disabilities, brain dysfunction, brain injury and brain dysfunction (Reichow et al., 2016). Multiple disabilities: Multiple disabilities is the biggest challenge of teaching the children. This refers to the problem of multiple types of disorders in the children. An individual may suffer from blindness, deafness, learning disabilities at the same time or may have other combination of disorders. Developing proper learning environment for these kinds of children is really challenging work for the teachers. In order to develop a positive learning environment for these children, many things have to be considered by the educators (Mueller Buckley, 2014). They have to develop different kinds of teaching aids for these students. Inclusive Education: In the area of the special education, Inclusive Education is one of the most important method. Inclusive education refers to a classroom model for providing education to the children with special needs. According to Ford (2012), using this model, the teachers may be able to teach both the normal and special children within one class room. This model is often known as the co-teaching strategy. Other terns used for this strategy are CTT (Collaborative Team Teaching) or ICT (Integrated Co-Teaching). It is a topic on which many research works have been done and many are still are ongoing. The researchers are working in this area to find out which of the setting is better between the segregated setting and inclusive setting. As per Reichow (2016), segregated settings were developed far ago. Compared to this, the inclusive settings are still new. Research works are going on to find the better way of providing education to the children with special needs. It is required to understand both t he advantages and the limitations of both the two process of educating the children with special needs. There are lots of people who are questioning about the feasibility of the inclusive education for the children with special needs. According to McLean, Sandalland Smith (2016), it is true that the segregate setting is able to provide the scope of taking more care to the children with special needs, but there are some problems of this method. Children feel quite different in the segregated setting. They are unable to think that they are just like other children. Sometimes this thought creates barrier in their learning abilities. In order to omit this potential barrier, the children with special needs required to communicate with other children. They need to be one of them. This is the main advantage of the inclusive education setting. This gives the ability of providing better feel or mental support to the children with special needs which is truly required for developing them properly in terms education and social activities. Inclusive setting gives the opportunity of providing prope r education to both the general children and the special children in one platform (Pazey Cole, 2013). This is quite easier for the teachers as they can use the same platform. However, the techniques that need to be used for the special children are different from the general children. According to Smeets Roeleveld (2016), inclusion settings are the strategy of placing the children with special needs in the public schools. These programs are also known as the mainstreaming programs. This controversial teaching strategy has its share of advocates on both sides and requires consent form both the teachers and parents. In order to operate the inclusion program successfully, the schools must fulfill the requirements of the children with special needs. As per the policies developed by the IDEA, a children with special needs must be educated in the least restrictive environment. The students must get the education with regards to their Individual Education Plan (IEP). The IEP should be different for each of the children with special needs. These policies and the federal law are developed with great focus to the area of the restriction given to the students in the schools. These laws are not concerned about the inclusion or exclusion the main aim of these laws and policie s is that the children with special needs must be educated with least restriction (Sullivan Bal, 2013). Therefore, in order to develop a successful inclusion program the schools must have to focus in this area. The schools are responsible to develop a learning environment for the children with special needs with the least amount of restriction given to their education and other activities. Inclusive setting provides education to all the students including the children with special needs. The programs are about providing full time teaching to the special children in the general classrooms. If any type of special services required for any of the student with special needs, then the service is supplied to that student. As an example, if a student requires speech therapy in the classroom for better education, then the inclusive program is saying that the facility should be immediately available to that student. The main aim of this educational program is to provide the special education to the children with special needs along with a normal environment of education. Some variables exist in the area of the inclusive education programs which can be used for the standard definition of the inclusive education program (Swearer et al., 2012). Full inclusion means the placements of all students regardless of their type of disabilities and level of severity. A special educators co llaborates with a general educator in the inclusion setting. The general educator is responsible for instructing all the students in the classroom whereas the special educators are responsible for instructing and taking care of the children with special needs only (Salvia, Ysseldyke Witmer, 2012). The strategy of educating all the children in the same classroom environment is developed by the collaboration of the general teacher and the teachers of children with special needs. Another strategy of placing the disabled students in the ordinary classroom is to support the general teachers by instructing and assisting by the teachers of the children with special needs. The special education teacher brings the teaching aids in the classroom for supporting the special students. They used to plan different strategies for supporting the children with special needs to understand the topics taught by the general teachers in the classrooms. Advantages of the Inclusive Education Programs: There are many contradictions regarding the effectiveness of the inclusive educations for the children with special needs. There are many positive signs found of this strategy of educating the special children within the same classroom environment like the ordinary students. According to Mittler (2012), the segregated classrooms are more detrimental to the students with special needs and the success rate of these programs are also very less than the inclusive education programs for these students. The segregated education programs are not able to fulfill the goal of educating all the disabled children, is not always successful in full percentage. On the other hand, it has been found that the success rate of the inclusive education program is high enough for educating the children with special needs. As per Armstrong, Armstrong Barton (2016), the children with special needs are able to get more benefits from the inclusive education programs where proper support is available in the ge neral classroom environment. Professional development environment for both the general and special education teachers are helpful for the overall development of the students in the inclusive settings. Waitoller Artiles (2013) also agreed with this fact that inclusive education programs are more superior for educating the students with special needs, if proper tools or teaching aids are supplied to them. According to Slee (2013), inclusive education programs provides the ability of developing individual strengths with a high level of expectations for each of the students. This setting also provides the scope of working on individual goals of the children with special needs in the life of the classroom environment other children of similar age. The inclusive education programs also includes the participation of the parents of the children with special needs. Here all the actions regarding the education and development of the children with special needs are taken with the consent of their parents. This direct participation of the parents of the disabled children in their education allows greater scope individual strength building and the parents are also get ability of providing proper support to the children in the home environment by developing proper knowledge form the school (Thomas, 2013). The inclusive education program helps to built the cultural understanding of the children. T he settings provide the opportunity of learning with other children which enables the behavioral growth of the children with special needs. They learn how to talk with people, how to behave socially with other people and how to respect others in the social life. As per the opinion of Sentenac et al. (2013), the social development of the children is very vital beside the educational development. The inclusive education programs provides the opportunity of fulfilling this objectives for the disabled children. Education form the inclusive education setting will help the children with special needs in their future life to develop a god personality and social life. Listening to the other people and proper defense or reply is very vital for the children for developing their personalities in the future. The inclusive education programs provide the opportunity of developing this. As per Vitello Mithaug (2013), the ability of developing friends hip with other people and sharing the viewpoin ts with other people is the most important advantage of the inclusive education programs for the children with special needs. Current status of Inclusive Education in Malaysia: The inclusion education programs are very important in Malaysia because they valued their divers communities. The communities start at the school level. They have the believe of the fact that all the children have the right of giving proper level of education form the schools. The children should play together, learn together, grow together and nurtured together regardless of their ability of learning or other activities. The inclusive education programs are the solution for fulfilling these objectives of the people of Malaysia. The Malaysian government categorized the children with special needs into two sections; one is the physical disabilities and the other is about the learning disabilities. Before introducing the inclusive education program in the country there was another strategy of educating the children with special needs (Van der Bij et al., 2016). The education programs were conducted in to three stages. There were segregates setting for the children with hearing problems , visual problems and special learning disabilities. There was no concept of educating these children with the general students in the regular classrooms. The concept of the inclusive education programs was first introduced in the middle of the year of 1990. The concept was introduced from the seminar programs arranged by UNESCO. The main motive of this seminars was education for all. The concept behind the development of the inclusive setting in the country was to give fair treatments to all the students in the ordinary classrooms. There are four models of inclusive setting. They are in and out model, two teachers model, rejection of inclusion and full inclusion model (Jelas Mohd Ali, 2014). In United Kingdom and some other countries, the two teachers model and full inclusion model are very popular. They use these model as they belief that the models are helpful for fulfilling their objectives of proper education to the children with special needs. In Malaysia, the educational cen ters do not use the full inclusion model. Rather than using the full inclusion model, they use mostly the two teachers model and the in and out model for providing proper support to the children with special needs. These two models are considered as the two best models of inclusion in Malaysia as per the use and popularity among the schools and teachers. However, which one of the inclusion models is the best one is still a topic of debate among the specialists. It is not fully cleared and research works is still ongoing regarding this topic. According to Forlin (2012), the two teachers model is still in the best position for providing proper support to both the regular students and the students with special needs. However, there is no solid prove against this opinion still it is using as the best fit method in the Malaysian schools. As per Bevan-Brown et al. (2014), the teachers perception regarding the inclusive education system is very vital to be implemented and use in the schools. In this concern, a survey was conducted among randomly selected 300 teachers. As per the information found from the survey, the inclusion programs may be successful if the teachers are equipped well with required teaching aids and skills for cope up with the classroom with both the regular students and students with special needs. It has been also found that the Malaysian teachers have low level of confidence regarding the inclusion and special needs of the students. This is because of improper training provided by the government to the teachers. Because of this issue, the teachers think that the inclusion is required to be implemented in the schools for the improvement of the education system, but it is hard to implement inclusion in Malaysian schools (Lee Low, 2014). In order to develop proper inclusion settings in Malaysia, the collaborative effort form the school authority, the government, teachers and the parents of the children with special needs is highly required. The teachers think that the government should encourage the implementation of inclusion in the public schools (Buhere, Ndiku Kindiki, 2014). This will help them to develop more awareness about the importance of inclusion and the method of implementing in the schools. Findings and Analysis: After conducting the literature review on the inclusion and education of the children with special needs, it is clear that the inclusion strategy has no negative impact on the education of the children. Children with special needs require proper support in their education with respect to their particular disabilities. The parents of the children with special needs, need to be concerned about the education of the children. In order to develop a proper inclusion setting in Malaysia, collaborative effort is required from the teachers, government and the parents of the children with special needs. Therefore, the government of the country need to consider this as an important part of their education system. At the beginning level, proper awareness generation is very important for implementing the inclusion setting in the country. In this context, effective training program and awareness development programs need to be organized by the government of the country. In order to develop a proper inclusion setting in a school, the school authority may face the following problems. At first, they may face the problem regarding the size of the classrooms. The size of a classroom has direct connection to the effectiveness of teaching in the classroom. The teachers and the students both may feel comfortable if the class is small. Smaller calluses are easy to handle by the teachers. Especially the students with special needs require intensive care from the teachers to have proper education in the inclusive education centers. The problem may also be solved by adding more teachers in the bigger classes. This concept is associated with the two teachers model of the inclusion setting. Secondly, the teachers who will teach in the inclusive setting need to be properly trained for teaching the children with special needs. The teachers need high level of confidence to handle the special requirements of the students as well as understand their feelings for providing best teaching to them. Not only the teaching aids are important for the inclusive education programs,. Proper utilization of the teaching aids is also very vital for getting the desired level of success in the inclusion programs. Inadequate skill of teaching the students with special needs may the cause of conflict situation among both the teachers and students. It has been found that the lack of proper support from the government is one of the most important reasons of not using thee inclusion setting widely through the country. There is no efficient training model or program is available in the country for the teachers who are teaching in the schools in Malaysia. Due to the lack of effective training prog rams for the teachers, there is a lack of confident teachers in the Malaysian schools. Therefore, the Malaysian government should focus in the area of the training and development of the teachers for implementing the inclusion programs for the children with special needs. Workshops and seminar regarding the importance of inclusion education programs are required for developing proper awareness among the people of the country. The third problem that may faced by the schools for implementing the inclusion education program is the atmosphere development. Children with special needs require a friendly atmosphere for proper learning in the schools. The infrastructure of the school may be reorganized for implementing the inclusion in the ordinary schools. The general facilities such as desks, chairs, stairs, toilets need to be user friendly for the children with special needs. These standards need to be updated first so that the inclusion can take place successfully in the ordinary schools in Malaysia or in other sections of the world. Implications for Practice and/or Research: There are some major implication found in the section of implementing inclusive education settings in Malaysia and some other developing countries of the world. Malaysia needs to develop policies for implementing inclusive education programs in their schools. There is no doubt about the positive impact of the inclusive education programs in the country. Furthermore, it is additionally imperative for Malaysia not to endeavor to duplicate the models for comprehensive instruction utilized as a part of created nations as we couldn't straightforwardly exchange the full model from those nations because of the distinctions in political perspectives, furthermore socially and monetarily amongst Malaysia and other created nations. Malaysia should be ready of the absence of experts for this training field to handle the exceptional needs, the absence of offices for the extraordinary needs in consistent schools furthermore the differences of societies which may make perplexities the uncommon need s understudies with three noteworthy dialects educating in the standard establishments. Educators pushed to be worried that as more differing qualities of understudies are incorporated into the classroom, instructors should be outfitted with significantly more propelled devices and abilities for adapting to the issues scholastically. It is essential in Malaysia to assess and consider the stage of Malaysia's instruction frameworks, sort of assets are accessible in the nation alone, both human and useful, to actualize an appropriate model of comprehensive training which comparable to Malaysia's own instruction framework. Thirdly, it is additionally clear that the country don't have particular classifications for all sort of uncommon needs which are as clear as in United Kingdom or United State. This is likewise an issue for the country to build up their own approaches and practices of comprehensive and extraordinary trainings. At the point when the country is thinking about for comprehensive training in different nations approach, I trust that the country should know about there are distinctive sort of requirements for various classes of uncommon needs understudies. Changes should be made to the country's exceptional needs law and act keeping in mind the end goal to have a more finish security and rules to the foundations and associations in The country. Fourth, rather than moving to the photo of "full comprehensive training" settings like the vast majority of the created nations are doing now, The country could really hone and accomplish more research on it for an a great deal more adjusted model for the necessities of unique needs understudies and consistent understudies. Is there a requirement for the extraordinary needs to concentrate more than two dialects like the lion's share of the people of the country did? Are there any alterations expected to accomplish for the extraordinary needs to go to general schools? Who are subsidizing for all these? What sort of comprehensive training setting is the best suit for current circumstance in the country? The country ought to know about the need to build up a more practical and complete vision for comprehensive instruction gaining from the mix-ups or achievements made by other created nations in instructive history. It can be reasoned that in the country, an approach of "comprehensive custom curriculum" should have been reexamined and executed on a strong ground. This includes a correspondence training for all youngsters, with or without exceptional needs with the majority of them getting the same instruction framework in the same schools or foundations. Each schools and foundations ought to work intently to furnish the kids with any sort of exceptional needs sufficient requirements. Solid responsibilities should be taken in the country in the middle of the administration, customary schools, exceptional schools and guardians to give the best training environment to the kids. We as a whole ought to trust that "all understudies can learn" and give them a reasonable chance to learn and grow up together in a peace and safe environment. Conclusion: After conducting the research study in the area of the inclusive education programs for the children with special needs, it can be concluded that the inclusive education setting is better than the segregated education setting. It has been also found that the implementation of the inclusive programs in the ordinary schools is a challenging work for the teachers. In order to implement and use the inclusive education programs for the special children, the teachers must be well trained for taking proper care of these children. Particularly in case of Malaysia, the role of government is very vital. The main motive of the inclusive education programs is educate and taking care of both the ordinary students and the students with special needs. The teachers should arrange special care equipments or teaching aids for the proper care of the students who need special care for education and learning. It is not so clear that which inclusion model is the best one for the students who require speci al care. However, the two teachers model of inclusion has gained a high level of priority in Malaysia. They need to focus in the area of inclusive education and training programs with support from the government. Proper awareness and support from the government and the common people is highly required for the successful implementation of the inclusion in the ordinary schools in Malaysia. References: Armstrong, F., Armstrong, D., Barton, L. (2016). Inclusive education: policy, contexts and comparative perspectives. Routledge. Barton, L., Tomlinson, S. (Eds.). (2012). Special Education and Social Interests (RLE Edu M). Routledge. Bevan-Brown, J., Heung, V., Jelas, Z. M., Phongaksorn, S. (2014). Why is inclusive education important to my country?. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 18(10), 1064-1068. Bishop, C. D., Snyder, P. A., Algina, J., Leite, W. (2016). Expanding Frontiers in Research Designs, Methods, and Measurement in Support of Evidence-Based Practice in Early Childhood Special Education. In Handbook of Early Childhood Special Education (pp. 501-539). Springer International Publishing. Buhere, P., Ndiku, J., Kindiki, J. (2014). Inclusive education and school culture: Integration issues for mainstream primary schools in Kenya. International Journal of Education and Research, 2(5), 423-432. Cook, B. G., Cook, S. C. (2013). Unraveling evidence-based practices in special education. The Journal of Special Education, 47(2), 71-82. Cook, B. G., Odom, S. L. (2013). Evidence-based practices and implementation science in special education. Exceptional Children, 79(2), 135-144. Crockett, J. B., Kauffman, J. M. (2013). The least restrictive environment: Its origins and interpretations in special education. Routledge. de Abreu, P. M. E., Cruz-Santos, A., Tourinho, C. J., Martin, R., Bialystok, E. (2012). Bilingualism enriches the poor enhanced cognitive control in low-income minority children. Psychological science, 23(11), 1364-1371. Duncan, D. M. (2013). Working with bilingual language disability. Springer. Ford, D. Y. (2012). Culturally different students in special education: Looking backward to move forward. Exceptional Children, 78(4), 391-405. Forlin, C. (2012). Future directions for inclusive teacher education: An international perspective. Routledge. Gast, D. L., Ledford, J. R. (2014). Single case research methodology: Applications in special education and behavioral sciences. Routledge. Goldfeld, S., O'Connor, M., Sayers, M., Moore, T., Oberklaid, F. (2012). Prevalence and correlates of special health care needs in a population cohort of Australian children at school entry. Journal of Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics, 33(4), 319-327. Hall, D., Griffiths, D., Haslam, L., Wilkin, Y. (2012). Assessing the needs of bilingual pupils: Living in two languages. Routledge. Harry, B., Klingner, J. (2014). Why are so many minority students in special education?. Teachers College Press. Hornby, G., Howard, J., Atkinson, M. (2013). Controversial issues in special education. Routledge. Jelas, Z. M., Mohd Ali, M. (2014). Inclusive education in Malaysia: policy and practice. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 18(10), 991-1003. Knoors, H., Marschark, M. (2012). Language planning for the 21st century: Revisiting bilingual language policy for deaf children. Journal of deaf studies and deaf education, ens018. Lee, L. W., Low, H. M. (2014). The evolution of special education in Malaysia. British Journal of Special Education, 41(1), 42-58. McLean, M., Sandall, S. R., Smith, B. J. (2016). A history of early childhood special education. In Handbook of early childhood special education (pp. 3-19). Springer International Publishing. Mittler, P. (2012). Working towards inclusive education: Social contexts. Routledge. Mueller, T. G., Buckley, P. C. (2014). The Odd Man Out How Fathers Navigate the Special Education System. Remedial and Special Education, 35(1), 40-49. Pazey, B. L., Cole, H. A. (2013). The role of special education training in the development of socially just leaders building an equity consciousness in educational leadership programs. Educational Administration Quarterly, 49(2), 243-271. Reichow, B. (2016). Evidence-based practice in the context of early childhood special education. In Handbook of early childhood special education (pp. 107-121). Springer International Publishing. Reichow, B., Boyd, B. A., Barton, E. E., Odom, S. L. (2016). Handbook of Early Childhood Special Education. Salvia, J., Ysseldyke, J., Witmer, S. (2012). Assessment: In special and inclusive education. Cengage Learning. Sentenac, M., Ehlinger, V., Michelsen, S. I., Marcelli, M., Dickinson, H. O., Arnaud, C. (2013). Determinants of inclusive education of 812 year-old children with cerebral palsy in 9 European regions. Research in developmental disabilities, 34(1), 588-595. Slee, R. (2013). How do we make inclusive education happen when exclusion is a political predisposition?. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 17(8), 895-907. Smeets, E., Roeleveld, J. (2016). The identification by teachers of special educational needs in primary school pupils and factors associated with referral to special education. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 1-17. Stufflebeam, D. L., McCormick, C. H., Brinkerhoff, R. O., Nelson, C. O. (2012). Conducting educational needs assessments (Vol. 10). Springer Science Business Media. Sullivan, A. L., Bal, A. (2013). Disproportionality in special education: Effects of individual and school variables on disability risk. Exceptional Children, 79(4), 475-494. Swearer, S. M., Wang, C., Maag, J. W., Siebecker, A. B., Frerichs, L. J. (2012). Understanding the bullying dynamic among students in special and general education. Journal of School Psychology, 50(4), 503-520. Thomas, G. (2013). A review of thinking and research about inclusive education policy, with suggestions for a new kind of inclusive thinking. British Educational Research Journal, 39(3), 473-490. Tomlinson, S. (2012). A sociology of special education (RLE Edu M). Routledge. Tulman, J. B., Feinstein, A. A., Kule-Korgood, M. (2015). Are There Too Many Due Process Cases? An Examination of Jurisdictions with Relatively High Rates of Special Education Hearings. UDC-DCSL L. Rev., 18, 249-334. Van der Bij, T., Geijsel, F. P., Garst, G. J. A., Ten Dam, G. T. M. (2016). Modelling inclusive special needs education: insights from Dutch secondary schools. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 31(2), 220-235. Vitello, S. J., Mithaug, D. E. (2013). Inclusive schooling: National and international perspectives. Routledge. Waitoller, F. R., Artiles, A. J. (2013). A decade of professional development research for inclusive education a critical review and notes for a research program. Review of educational research, 83(3), 319-356. Wolfendale, S. (2013). Meeting special needs in the early years: Directions in policy and practice. Routledge. Wolfendale, S. (Ed.). (2013). Special needs in the early years: Snapshots of practice. Routledge.

Rapid Growth as a Destabilizing Force to Effective Democracy

Introduction The developmental undertakings within a nation that undergoes nontrivial transitions in democracy are directly analyzed. In countries where democracy dominates are established to develop rapidly compared to a priori identical nations, while in countries where democracy is not much practiced economic progress is comparably less.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Rapid Growth as a Destabilizing Force to Effective Democracy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These variations do not appear to be due to distinctions in investment and education levels. The purpose of this paper is to establish the connection between democracy and economic development. Democracy and Economic Development Whether educated or trained in terms of modernization point of view or the chronological stand point, theories explicating the cradle of democracy possess deterministic characteristics. Contained in the theory of modernity no st imulates or causes democracy, but instead it is generated by economic advances and the consequent changes in the society. According to Moore in his theory, chronicle can be altered by social strata actors; nevertheless, they maneuver at a distance of generations with the agrarian social stratification structure of the 17th century determining the forms of government embraced in varied countries with reference to two or three centuries later (Mayer, Patterson Thames, p. 299, para 3). Author’s View With reference to Przeworski outline of phenomenological observations, this deterministic stress resulted to a view of all methodologies being extraneous whenever an issue regarding democratization was presented in political forums during the 1970s period. The heroes in the democratic battles did not and could not be persuaded that the destiny of their nations would based either on the contemporary levels of progress and advancement or by the far-away past events.Advertising Lo oking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They held that, even though within confinements, democratization was a repercussion of actions, and not just states. Thus, some initiatives were taught based on actors and plans instead of being enlightened in terms of deterministic situations (Mayer, Patterson Thames, p. 302, para 2). This paper’s makes inferences that profoundly justify the later perspective. The surfacing of egalitarianism is not a derivative of growth in the economic sphere. Democratic system is or is not founded by political figures undertaking their ends, and it may be instigated at any developmental point. It is after establishment that economic problems becomes active and can be held responsible, hence the probability of democratic system to survive is higher when the country’s economic development is at a reputable position. Hitherto even the most recent country’s wealth status is not crucial: egalitarianism is by far likely to endure in an economy that is progressive with below $1,000 revenue per capita compared to where revenue ranges between $1,000 and $2,000 that diminishes in economic terms. If these two nations or countries make it in secreting progress, it is very possible for democracies even in the poorest countries to endure recession (Mayer, Patterson Thames, p. 305, para 8). Personal Opinion Basing the argument from this stand point, the idea of the link between progress and egalitarianism that subjugated the intellectual attitude and served to familiarize U.S abroad measures during cold war seems in a bizarre manner complicated. Even though Lip set viewed economic development as an exogenous variable, his colleagues were convinced that authoritarianism is the unavoidable cost that brought by development. Galenson asserts that the self-governed a regime is, the higher the degree of resources dissemination from savings to the expe nditure.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Rapid Growth as a Destabilizing Force to Effective Democracy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to arguments posited by De Schweinitz, if the underdeveloped nations are to economically develop, restriction of their democratic contribution in political issues becomes mandatory. Accordingly, for development to be realized, despotism plays a fundamental role (Mayer, Patterson Thames, p. 304, para 5). Conclusion Conclusively, since this paper supposes that despotism causes economic development which in turn yields democracy, it becomes then logical to claim that the most suitable approach to democracy is a meandering one. In addition, commonsense shows that for democracy to be strong it is individual citizens to reinforce it through despotism rejection at all cost. Therefore, at least with modernity most long-lasted despotic regimes especially in the Eastern region o f Europe in the end collapses. Most of the nations established recently, many of which are languishing in absolute poverty even after being granted sovereignty, are still drowning in poverty with the few that resisted development still retaining dictatorship (Mayer, Patterson Thames, p. 301, para 1). Reference Mayer, L., Patterson, D., Thames, F. (2009). Contending Perspectives in  Comparative Politics. Washington, DC: CQ Press. This essay on Rapid Growth as a Destabilizing Force to Effective Democracy was written and submitted by user Alanna Ratliff to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Cave of Salamanca by Miguel de Cervantes

The Cave of Salamanca by Miguel de Cervantes The Cave of Salamanca by Miguel de Cervantes is focused on one specific family with its peculiarities, but considering the situation, it is possible to state that the problems and sins which occur in the family under discussion are inherent to the whole society.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Cave of Salamanca by Miguel de Cervantes specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Discussing the plot the central events and the cases of deception are going to be highlighted. Thorough analysis of the situations and the cases of lying help the reader to understand the level of social deformity and depravity. The plot of the story is focused on Pancracio, his wife Leonarda, their maid Cristina, Pancracio’s friend Leoniso and a student who appeared in the house accidentally. He just needed to stay somewhere for a night not to sleep in the street. Having come to the place, he asked to have a sleep in the stable trying to sound as polite as he could, â€Å"I expected a more generous and gracious reception from such lovely and sweet ladies; particularly since I ask no arms, only a corner in the stable or a bit of straw for protection against of the darkness heavens, for the celestial sphere is threatening this sinful earth with the greatest severity† (Cervantes 90). Even though the reception of a student was not that great as he expected, due to his inner ability to communicate with people, keep secrets, feel what they want to hear and tell them this, Carraolani manages to stay at the house. Student’s arrival coincides with the departure of Pancracio, Leonarda’s husband which says that she is extremely sorry for this and promises to wait. However, she knows that Leoniso is going to come to her and one more man to her maid for having fun. However, the whole situation is ruined as Leonarda’s husband returns home and two men have nothing to do but to hide in the coal cellar. The si tuation seems rather complicated but thanks to wit and smart of the student, two men are able to leave safe. Reading the novel, much deception may be met. The first situation where husband informs his wife about departure is full of lie. Leonarda says that she is very disappointed with his departure, â€Å"I shall control my uncontrollable grief and spend the lonely hours of your absence thinking of you† (Cervantes 88).Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More All these words are considered as lie because as soon as Pancracio leaves, Leonarda says to her maid to invite Leoniso to entertain her. Another deception is the way how the men get into the house and bring a basket of products making everybody think that it is a basket of linen. It seems that each word said by the characters is a lie, that each particular gesture is just the may to make sure that hey lie is strong. One of the most impressive lies in the story is student’s discussion of the cave of Salamanca, his visit there and possession of the specific powers given to those who attend the cave. Trying to save two men from exposure, a student tells a story to Pancracio about his ability to communicate with the evil. He says that he is offered such a gift because he attended the courses in the cave of Salamanca. An affective appearance of black men from the coal cellar impresses Pancracio greatly and he cannot even think about deception. Looking at the situation which happens in the family and referring to the legend about the cave of Salamanca, it is important to state that the legend plays an inevitable part in the whole situation. Being the central deception, the legend about the cave of Salamanca symbolizes the beliefs of the society which is ready to think in something incredible rather than accept personal naught. The role of the central deception is rather impressive as i t points as the illness of the whole society. The society in the story is characterized as deceptive one without any intentions for desire to live better. The institution of marriage and the very idea of fidelity are criticized in The Cave of Salamanca. Introducing the theme of the deceived husband, the author reveals the social problem of marriage and the attitude of people to this early sacred ceremony. Moreover, the story also shows the domination of women under men even though it is universally accepted that women are to be subjected to their husbands. Jealous and the desire to capture a wife is shown from the husband’s side, while the wife is trying to hide her profligacy. In conclusion, it may be stated that the whole institution of family is criticized in a sarcastic manner.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Cave of Salamanca by Miguel de Cervantes specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The whole story is a show for one, for husband. Reading it, the impression is created that the whole life is the theater which performs particular plays for specific people and the society makes all possible to support that play, deceptive and mockery for one, but pleasant and impressive for others. Cervantes, Miguel. â€Å"The Cave Of Salamanca.† World Drama: Italy, Spain, France, Germany, Denmark, Russia, Norway. Ed. Barrett H. Clark. New York: Courier Dover Publications, 1956. 88-95. Print.

PERSUASIVE MESSAGE Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

PERSUASIVE MESSAGE - Assignment Example t in place to ascertain that we are the best in the industry, we came to an agreement that we will need the best instructor in the industry to walk with us through this journey and after consultations it was decided that you are the best in the industry and came to a conclusion to request fro your prowess to enable us achieve our goals. With your skills and prowess in ballet we believe that we have a great opportunity to grow together both financially and professionally. With the goal of being the best, we had a meeting and came to a consensus that we can introduce special classes in our studio for new members who we will charge a premium to join. We target at creating something new in the industry and with your help we believe that this is a great business opportunity for you and our company. We want to make our business stand out and because our company is renown, we will get new students fast and easy and because you are popular we believe that you are the right person for this job. We intend to start a three-days-a-week beginning ballet class with you as the instructor to achieve this endeavor. We understand your busy schedule and have factored all these in our program and we will highly appreciate your approval. It is our understanding that you have free evenings and were kindly requesting you to spare this time to work with us as we move forward towards becoming the best as a team. We believe that you teaching in our studio will promote ballet, which we know is your heartfelt desire. We have dedicated students and have the conviction that not only will you enjoy teaching in our studio but it will also be an exciting experience as you will also interact with our team. With our renown studio, this will also be an opportunity for you to add credits too your resume as we are an established and recognized company. In terms of compensation we have a hefty package, which we intend to discuss with you further so that we can come to an agreement that will be

Gay in the military Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Gay in the military - Essay Example There has been a long history of the gays serving in the army and there have been many political reforms associated with this issue. It has been observed that the confidence or tempo of the military is not affected by the gays serving in the armed forces. The U.S. military prohibited the homosexuals to serve in army in 1916 in the Articles of War. However, a full-fledged ban was enforced in the World War II. After this historical ban, recruits were properly analyzed and observed for signs of homosexuality before being selected for the Army, Navy and Selective Service System. An estimated 4,000 gays who applied were rejected due to their sexual orientation. Lesbians were mostly accepted because asking women about their sexual orientation also violated the standards of behavior and conduct. During 1992, the presidential campaign â€Å"Don’t ask, don’t tell† was initiated by Bill Clinton and claimed to lift this ban. However, this campaign was opposed severely by senior military personals and also the American public. When the attempts failed, the Congress passed a law that gays could serve in army as long as they kept quiet about their sexual orientation. The campaign formally known as the Military Eligibility Act of 1993 was not completely followed and investigations about the homosexuality were still carried out by the military recruitment services. Since 1994, 12,000 gays were dismissed (Webley 2010). The history of gays in the military indicates that many sincere efforts were put up by the politicians to lift this ban. However these efforts were always encountered with opposition not only by the military services but also by the American public. When the issues like increasing the size of the armed forces was put forward by President Bush in 2007, the issue of gays serving in military was brought up again in the form of a heated argument. The policy â€Å"Don’t ask, don’t tell† is a huge

Article review focus microeconomics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Article review focus microeconomics - Essay Example ged because oil fields in North Dakota and West Texas have been not only producing surplus oil but its transportation has been easy through a new pipeline to the coastal region of Louisiana and Texas. Following the law of demand and supply in economics, oil glut leads to lower prices for oil producers. A representative from the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) says that Saudi Arabia is supplying oil at lesser price to their own refineries in coastal region than what it fetches in Asia. Surprisingly, Louisiana crude fetches $9.46 per barrel less than the price in England for the comparable quality of crude. With this shift in demand-supply equilibrium, the prices of crude in Texas, North Dakota are heading southwards. Sellers market has suddenly turned into a buyers market. However, experts do not envisage a glut that could result into a significantly lower price as happened in case of increased natural gas production in the US pushing the price of gas at its lowest in last couple of years. The reason is that many Gulf Coast refineries cannot switch over to Light Sweet crude oil from more viscous crude currently being used without making significant changes in their refinery equipments and processes. In this article, the author is mainly trying to emphasize that now cheap US crude is available to refiners increasing price competitiveness of the US refiners over their global counterparts. It is pertinent to note that between June and October, the US refiners have increased their exports by 22% controlling over 20% international market of jet fuel, diesel and similar products. It is significant to note that the largest oil refiner of the US namely Valero has stopped importing due to availability of Light Sweet crude oil. The reason is that North Dakota has been producing one million barrels per day from Bakken Shale formation. This is over and above the production of almost 1.3 million barrels in South Texas at the Eagle Ford Shale

The Technological Change Of Frito Lay Information Technology Essay

The Technological Change Of Frito Lay Information Technology Essay The aim of this report is to perform a knowledge audit of Frito Lay, by gathering data, analyzing the findings and making suggestions for the best possibility of knowledge to be utilized in an organization. This report mainly highlights the main external factors that affect the organization, internal knowledge culture which builds an organization structure, technological change and some important points on knowledge workers and leaders. The major finding in this report is that the knowledge management is a key to achieving both scalability and business optimization. Knowledge management is an attractive concept to many organizations. It helps in understanding the needs and gaps in knowledge by simple analysis and helps in coping up with the globalization. Moreover, the knowledge leaders and workers will help to put the theories and ideas from papers to real world. FRITO LAY Intoduction Scope This report mainly focuses on knowledge audit about the external influences on the organization and how knowledge culture enhances the organization structure. Moreover, this report mainly highlights about the technology and how it will revolutionize the companys culture. Background Frito Lay sales force is facing an issue with finding and integration of organization data and customer sales account information. Mike Marino, vice president of customer development, stated that knowledge is trapped in files everywhere. Many sales people would ask the companys marketing and operation staff the same information over and over. And the staff has to perform the same task for endless times. For this reason Mike Marino, integrated a Knowledge portal in corporate intranet. This portal opens gates to all sales staff with same information. This information can be shared and updated at the same time moreover it will be available to any one for any location. This portal was tested with a sales pilot team and passed with flying colors. This report does knowledge audit on the knowledge needs and gap in Frito Lay organization. Identified and provided few knowledge audit tools used to gather present knowledge from an organization. Even tools have been mentioned which could be helpful for the case study. Purpose The purpose of this report is to generate a knowledge report by studying the important external factors that influence the organization, internal knowledge culture in an organization, technology change in an organization and some highlights on knowledge workers and leaders. Current Knowledge position of the Frito Lay In current knowledge position of Frito Lay has no centralized system and its sales team is not able to merge data of the corporate and the customer account information. Purpose of the organization Frito Lay falls under a private sector enterprise. A private sector company mainly looks for profits for their stakeholders while long lasting sustainability in the commercial market. Their main aim is to take advantage of their opportunities and consider profits as the most important result. The main funding is done by the stakeholders, to enhance the development and growth of the company. The key goal for Private Sectors Company is to make a balance among long term sustainability and short term profits. The CEO of the company is mainly responsible for creating a vision to the organization; generally he/she would be a highly experienced person in field and is responsible in the success of the business (Debowski 2006). The purpose of the Frito Lay is to focus on one single mission; to become worlds leading products company for the consumer who focus on convenient foods. They try to offer better opportunities for growth and improvement to their employees, business and the in communities where they work. Moreover, whatever they do, they struggle for honesty and integrity. Frito lays main vision is to improve all their features in which they operate- environment, social and economic. They try to implement this vision by programs and concentrate on environmental stewardship, steps that benefit society and building a good relationship among stakeholders. Moreover, they not only focus on financial success of the company but also in reducing environmental footprint by protecting natural resources and using renewable energy in order to reduce toxic emissions. The knowledge environment in which the organization exists external context When organizations are exposed to external environment, it will go through many changes. There are many factors like technological changes and globalization have brought many opportunities and caused threats in the marketplace (Debowski 2006). Globalization has provided an opportunity for businesses like Frito Lay to gain access all over the world but also brought international organizations to the home market which poses a threat to other companies. Globalization allows customers to check prices, services and reviews of the product from many providers before selecting their suppliers. Even if the supplier is at another end of the world could be located and contacted through telecommunications to meet customer requirements (Debowski 2006). Like discussed before, Globalization provides both opportunity and threat. The threat could be an increase number of competitions means customer are exposed to a wide range of products and services. Then we can assume that customer wont stick to one supplier as there are many, so customer loyalty cannot be trusted. Since costumer is exposed to many varieties of products, it will in turn increase the stress on organizations like Frito Lay to be more creative plus more responsive to the costs set by the competitors (Debowski 2006). The other external factor that affects organization is the pressure from the stakeholder. Since the investment become global, there will be continuous demands from stakeholders to improve market shares, cost reductions and increase in profits. Even technological change is a main factor that effects on business and also helps developing quickly. In case of Frito lay, the Globalization is forcing business to update their technology in order to compete in the market (Wimmer 2004). Technology has become a foundation to many organizations and work tasks, and allows effective communication and management (Debowski 2006). The organizational structure including the internal knowledge culture According to the Oliver Kandadi (2006 p.6) knowledge culture is A way of organizational life that enables and motivates people to create, share and utilize knowledge for the benefit and enduring success of the organization. This culture was seen in Frito Lay organization which was implemented by Mike Marino, vice president of customer development. The company bought a tool called Autonomy from navigator systems, a search engine that allows users to search information and explore new ideas through intranet sites. By the help of navigator system, new innovative ideas and solutions were developed through combined efforts. Once the system was centralized, knowledge sharing became top activity between staff members with the help of supervisor and leaders. After the implementation, employees are kept up to date about the issues, events and innovations. This internal culture has encouraged a regular communications all over the organization which helped openness, honesty and concerned for o thers is promoted. Knowledge culture allows employees to work together by sharing and learning from their peers and supervisors (Oliver Kandadi 2006). Organizational structure is an influencing element in creation and development of knowledge culture. It defines the way power and responsibility is performed in an organization and also distributes knowledge in a way that it will be easily adopted by the firm. Organizational structure allows employees to be grouped according to their functions or division or both. In Frito Lay, the company grouped sales team as a pilot team for the portal, which helped the firm to understand the new system (Debowski 2006). Knowledge workers According to Debowski (2006, p.31) knowledge workers use their heads more than their hands to produce value. Knowledge workers mainly work with their own knowledge to resolve issues or problematic situations. They try to learn new information to reshape their existing knowledge, by doing so they can apply these skills in a variety of areas to resolve issues, generate ideas, or develop new services and products (Prince, 2010). Their job mainly deals on the mental rather than muscle power and is characterized by non respective tasks. They use different methods to solve issues and they also have authority to decide which technique to use in order to achieve the success (Prince 2010). In the case study, Frito Lays vice president of customer development, Mike Marino and Price had many types of organizational knowledge (Debowski 2006). Knowledge that may possess many features, characteristics and value of different sources or systems that may be found in the Frito Lay organization. Knowledge that can identify people, groups and organization and techniques to link them. Understand how to carry out difficult task which require analytical skills such as researching, testing and innovating. An ability to observe, estimate and access correct knowledge sources. The sales pilot team was dispersed all over the country to collect information from the customers and analyze it with correct resources and then fed back it to the sales people in the organization. This flow of knowledge from knowledge workers to the organization will empower them with superior customer knowledge and competitive intelligence. Knowledge leaders Knowledge leaders are the pillars to the organization and support of knowledge management in a firm. These people provide the encouragement, set goals and vision to transform the knowledge concept in to a reality. By the circumstances of the organization, the knowledge leaders roles and responsibilities are designed. Knowledge leaders help to build an effective knowledge community. Their roles require them to understand the complex framework of the knowledge operations and ways communication and teamwork is built and strengthened (Debowski 2006). The generic attributes of knowledge leader were they contribute some important attributes which depend on understanding of process, systems and people The main concepts identified within the case study are disciplines of knowledge leadership, like willingness to share knowledge because it is seen as a power and also collaboration of their work with other organizations. Mike Marino acted as a Change Agent as he identified that knowledge was dispersed in various systems across their organization which created complexity for employees to retrieve data freely and there was inconsistency in data too. They solved this problem by sharing the knowledge all over the organization by developing a centralized system (KM portal) for all of their business processes (Debowski 2006). Another model that is clear in case study is generic attributes of the knowledge leader, for instance selecting an appropriate sales pilot team and sending them with knowledge management portal support across 10 different cites to by measuring up their performance with the normal teams which displays the qualities of strategic visionary and knowledge executor attribute of the knowledge leader (Debowski 2006). Technology Technology is a main factor that brings out a huge positive difference in an organization and also helps developing it growth rapidly. In case of Frito lay, due to no integration between business process for finding and merging data of cooperate and customer account information. After the implementation of Knowledge management system (KMS) it become a basic foundation to the organizations and work tasks by providing an effective communication and management (Debowski 2006). KMS provides a unified and functional platform in an organization on which many other knowledge activities flow and interconnect. It offers knowledge capture and sharing freely, readily and openly to all the stakeholders across the organization. Moreover, it also offers a channel to an individual user to acquire a document, send, share and create knowledge to meet the priorities of the organization. Basically there are four components in KMS; Business process management, Content management, Web content management and Knowledge application management. In case of Frito Lay, they have built knowledge management portal on the corporate intranet. It acts a centre point of access to various sources of information and offers individual access too. This type of system falls under content and business process management (Debowski 2006). The content management system is an intellectual content in KMS. It allows users to retrieve knowledge on particular theme and topic from the KM portal. It allows a wide range of strategies of indexing, storing and organizing the knowledge that are linked in KMS. Business process management defines the processes that are needed for an organization. Like in Frito Lay, these systems are linked to a knowledge management practices so that employees of the company have the access of accurate and up to date data to build up their knowledge (Debowski 2006). Knowledge resources and knowledge-sharing practices One of the core practices in knowledge management is knowledge repositories and knowledge sharing (Debowski 2006). Typically, knowledge repository outlook is like another web-based index. It provides many options to the users to explore with the main menu that offers wide range of access to the recognized knowledge resources from internal and external to the organization. Repositories act as a connection between the user and the core knowledge, working as a single point of entry to support users finding required information across the organization and also other organizations (Annunziata Levant 2002). Through repositories knowledge is shared among users, sharing knowledge has become institutionalized and ends up becoming a part of the routine daily life (Barnes 2002). The repository system used by the Frito Lay sales force was Autonomy. This system was acquired from a consultancy, Navigator systems from Dallas. This tool enables users to search all the way through various repositories like internet sites, spreadsheets and power point presentation (Huysman Writ 2002). It supports many salespeople to get all significant information from a variety of sources which allow them to achieve all the different data sets through one picture. Furthermore other features that we can see in this tool are; it links the organization data with internal sources and outside too, it is a search service that helps people to find data that is required and it also help to record solutions and best practices of other so that it can be shared with others (Barnes 2002). Knowledge needs The main goal of knowledge needs is to identify accurately about the knowledge the organization, its team and its people need at the moment and the knowledge they might need in the feature to achieve their goals and objective. The future strategy of an organization is enhanced due to knowledge needs analysis. This analysis can also find out the staff skills and capability of improvement needs and opportunities for training and developing, team spirit and relationship with staff, subordinated and peers (Ovio Komi-Sirvià ¶ 2002). Knowledge gaps A gap between the ideal world and the existing knowledge world is known as knowledge gap. Gaps may obstruct innovations, opportunities for organization improvement or impede technology implementation Often, the first task is to review the about the existing knowledge in the organization and then analyze who has it, where it is and which jobs the knowledge is used in. Moreover, when knowledge gaps are visible then it gives a confidence in decision making. It is important to identify knowledge gaps of two forms of knowledge, explicit and tacit knowledge (Debowski 2006). According to Lin, Yeh Tseng (2005 p.3) knowledge gaps can be viewed in four different aspects: strategic aspect, planning aspect, perception aspect and implementation aspect. Strategic aspect: This type of knowledge is necessary for the improvement of the organization competitiveness. Implementation aspect: Implementation of knowledge management. Plan aspect: The plan of knowledge management Perception aspect: To improve the organizations competitiveness as perceived by the top managers and employees. Questions What categories of knowledge do you use in your organization? How do you use each of that knowledge? From how many sources can you acquire the knowledge? Apart from yourself, who else use this knowledge? Is a specific knowledge is restricted to specific users? Justification For the first question, it was important to know how knowledge was divided into the firm and how many categories are present for the employees and teams in an organization. For the second question, how organization utilized that knowledge, for instance whether there are any restrictions or no restrictions. For the third question, how does the organization acquire knowledge, like internal and externally. For the fourth question, apart for the organization and its people, is that knowledge is utilized by other organization? Or it is used by the suppliers or other external factors. For the final question, are there any security constraints in the company, if there are then why those constraints. Knowledge audit Tools According to Ramalingam (2006 p.13) knowledge Audit offers a framework for gathering data, synthesising findings and making suggestions about the best way forward for knowledge and learning initiatives against a background of the broader structural and policy factors affecting an organization. In Frito Lay, the sales team has been given access to portal with different content as well as research abstracts, which was called as a performance scorecard (Chowdhury 2006). It is to evaluate the performance of the account. This tool comes under the balanced scorecard approach for measuring the performance on the four key aspects; financial investment, internal process, customer/stakeholders expectation and focus on learning and growth. This tool will help in measuring the performance of the employees and help in providing results on how effective the company is operating. The tools of knowledge audit are Knowledge Gap analysis: This tool shows the gaps that hold back technology implementations and hamper opportunities and block innovations. SWOT analysis: It is a strategic planning technique that is applied to calculate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats included in a project or an organization. Knowledge Taxonomy: it regulates a construction of knowledge map by describing an organizational knowledge and relationship. Exit Interviews: When an employee is leaving a company forever, then he/she will be taking knowledge along with them. So this tool will help to document that knowledge so that it can be utilised by other employees. Questionnaire: A research in conducted with a series of questions for the purpose of gathering data from large number of respondents. Recommendations Knowledge portal has made a huge difference to Frito Lays sales team. The portal acted as a central point for the whole organization by providing multiple resources as it provides an essential way to capture information. The implementation of portal has brought a lot of profits and made their work easy. However, this is the beginning stage of the progression and still a lot to come. Since the portal is implemented in only to team it is recommended to add its functional to other employees across the 3 divisions. Moreover, it would be better if this is added to their customers like supermarkets as it would help them to synching their knowledge with the organization for co promoting and co merchandising of products together. In future, the organization might implement other knowledge management systems like Web Content Management and Knowledge Application Management. Web content mainly deals with building an effective website structure through which users may access to the KMS Frito Lay can have advantage with this system as it will provide a direct communication with the client side. It will provide an easy user interface and it would even benefit the consumers too. Knowledge application management system would provide users with applications like word processing and emails. These applications will help the staff creating knowledge. Conclusion In conclusion, knowledge management is the key to every organization for opening a door full of opportunities and possibilities. KM portal has become a PepsiCo project as it has helped in improving employee retention rates and the efficiency of the companys operation too. Frito Lays sales team is able to capture the specific information of the corporate and customer sales account information from any location. It has reduced inconsistency and duplication of data which reduced the performing of same tasks over and over. Knowledge management is an attractive concept to many industries. It helps understanding the needs and gaps in knowledge by simple analysis and helps in coping up with the globalization. Moreover, the knowledge leaders and workers will help to put the theories and ideas from papers to real world.